Monday, March 16, 2009

补足资金金的漫漫熊途

2天前,New Yorker的Balance Street专栏有一篇关于Nationalization的文章,提到上一次S&L破产潮的解决方案。
The interesting thing about this prescription is that, in some ways, it's precisely how the U.S. got out of its last big banking crisis, which happened during the recession of 1990-1991. While it hasn't been talked about very much, during that recession most of the big moneycenter banks were, by today's standards, insolvent -- arguably more insolvent, in fact, than the big banks are today. They were not nationalized or put into receivership. Instead, after the Fed slashed interest rates, the banks hunkered down, cut back on risky loans, and allowed the wider spreads to work their magic, and over time earned their way out of insolvency.
秉持着怀疑的态度,我开始调阅相关的数据。

上述图表针对的是全美资产规模在15B以上的商业银行,如果将银行业整体纳入我们的考虑范围,即是如下:银行业整体的Interest Margin逐渐向大银行的平均水平靠拢,显示了Bank Holding在美国间接融资体系中的重要性逐渐加强。顺从Too-Big-to-Failed原则,我们应主要关注以Bank Holding为主的大型银行。

注意到先前的衰退触底,均伴随了银行的Interest Margin水平的跳升,如果真如同Buffet所说,那么我们似乎已接近此轮危机的底部。

事实上,Interest Margin的跳升,不仅取决于FED的低利率政策,同样取决于实体经济中需求的上升。唯大众对未来经济前景的预测重新转好,才会去银行借贷,且宁愿承受较高的利率。反之,借贷需求不振,很难提升贷款的利率,只会出现如同中国1998年指令性银行放贷后的困境,不但没有提高银行的盈利水平,反而恶化了银行的信贷质量。

经过对湾区的走访,我承认Bay Area的景气程度好于美国的平均水平,更好于加州的其他地区,因此巴菲特对业务集中在西海岸的Wells Fargo与U.S. Bancorp的评价,其实无法全面地代表美国。人口膨胀且科技业蓬勃发展的Bay Area显然会有更多的借贷需求,但我们却很难想象制造业集中且人口不断流失的五大湖区也同样如此。

Interest Margin的跳升,或部分取决于FED的定量政策,但其力度不会超过前两次。

从图表上来看,此轮对Interest Margin的冲击程度要远大于1990-1991与2001-2002的Recession。意味着,即便是相同程度的跳升,对银行业的盈利影响也要小于前两次。

考虑到帐面上的不良资产仍未清除,且其规模远胜于战后的任何一次,银行的亏空清理之路,将远长于先前的S&L危机。

是否意味着美国将重新走上一条日本的道路,我无法确定。

1 comment:

goooooood girl said...
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